Dental and oral health is an essential part of your overall health and well-being. Poor oral hygiene can lead to dental cavities and gum disease, and has also been linked to heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.

Stent

• A stent is a small tube that a doctor can insert into a blocked passage to keep it open. The stent helps restore the flow of blood or other fluids, depending on where it is placed.

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Aortic valve stenosis and aortic insufficiency

• In aortic valve stenosis, narrowing of the aortic valve prevents it from opening properly. This forces the heart to work harder to pump blood, increasing pressure in the left ventricle and sometimes weakening the heart muscle.
  
• Aortic valve stenosis is the most common heart valve disorder in people over the age of 75. It occurs most frequently in men and is usually caused by a buildup of calcium in the aortic valve that occurs with age.

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Buccal fat removal (Bichectomy)

• Patients focus their complaints on the shortness of breath and fatigue on exertion. This stems from high blood pressure in the left ventricle and pulmonary circulation, as well as from the inability to increase the flow rate through the narrowed valve on physical exertion.
• Other symptoms of mitral valve stenosis include:

• Swollen feet
• Chest soreness
• Cough with blood
• Fluid retention in the lung
• Irregular heartbeat

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Bicuspid aortic valve

• It is an inherited form of heart disease in which the two aortic flaps (leaflets) of the aortic valve fuse during fetal development in the womb, resulting in a bicuspid valve instead of the normal tricuspid valve.
• In this condition, the aortic valve may not function perfectly or normally. The bicuspid aortic valve is the most common cause of heart disease present at birth and affects about 1.3% of adults.

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Coronary artery bypass surgery

• A piece of a healthy blood vessel is taken from elsewhere in your body in order to make a new blood vessel that bypasses the blocked artery. Blood vessels, or grafts, used for the bypass procedure may be pieces of a vein from your leg or an artery in your chest.
  
• An artery from your wrist may also be used. One end of the graft is attached above the blockage while the other end is attached below it. This results in an alternative vessel for blood to circulate smoothly as it should.

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